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The Kirghiz began to use felt for the manufacture of carpets and other household items in antiquity. Various factors have influenced the development and improvement of each type of Kyrgyz carpet art: living conditions, climate, natural conditions and social factor.
The most popular type of felt carpet in Kyrgyzstan today is shyrdak. It is made using mosaic technique, which is one of the most complex, while one of the most important qualities of a shirdak is durability. The average service life of a shyrdak is about 100 years, sometimes even more.

Making one shyrdak carpet is a time-consuming process, so the craftswomen need from 2 to 6 months to make one carpet, provided that she will deal only with this carpet, but most often Kyrgyz women work in groups, which mainly include representatives of the same family.

Kirghiz shyrdak carpet is one of the most valuable household items, so great importance is attached to the dowry of girls, which must have a shyrdak carpet.


The Kyrgyz Bugu tribe (“bugu” means “deer” in translation) considers its “mother-deer” to be its ancestor. There is a legend telling that in those days when all the land was covered with forests, an ancient Kyrgyz tribe lived on the banks of the Yenisei. People of a neighboring tribe constantly drove their cattle, destroyed houses. There were wars between tribes that claimed many lives.

Once a thing-bird in a human voice warned the Kyrgyz about the impending disaster. But people did not pay attention to her prophecy. Soon their leader Kulchu died. During the funeral ceremony, a big noise arose: sworn enemies of the tribe again attacked the parking lot. Taken by surprise, the residents could not provide decent resistance and they were all killed.

At this time, two children of the tribe - a little boy and girl - were in the forest. Returning home, they found their parents dead. All their relatives and friends were dead, their houses were destroyed, and the river flowing nearby was red with blood. They saw their enemies go away and heard them boast of their victories. The children lurked until they left, and then went in search of food and help.

They wandered through the forests for a long time, until, finally, hungry and frightened, they heard human voices at the foot of the mountain. It was their enemies who celebrated the victory. Exhausted by hunger, the children began to ask for food. One old woman, taking pity on them, gave the orphans boiled meat. The children were reported to the khan, resting on a white felt carpet with a bowl of koumiss. He was furious that one of the Kirghiz survived, and ordered the woman who had pity on the children to kill them so that not a single Kyrgyz would survive.

She led the children to a rock towering above the Yenisei River to throw them down. Suddenly, a woman saw a big deer-deer with big black eyes and an udder heavy with milk. The deer told her that the hunters killed her cubs, and she wants to pick up human children.

The children followed the deer, and she took them far, far through the mountains to Lake Issyk-Kul, where she raised them. So the deer became the mother of orphans.